1 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:17,480 [coughing] 2 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:18,760 [child] Mom! 3 00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:29,040 [wind] 4 00:00:30,440 --> 00:00:32,040 Mom! 5 00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:36,640 -We all know the story of Pompeii, right? 6 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:39,360 2,000 years ago, 7 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:42,640 a bustling Roman town on the shores of the Mediterranean 8 00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:44,680 was completely destroyed, 9 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:49,520 buried beneath the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 10 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:57,280 [rumbling and eruptions] 11 00:00:57,480 --> 00:00:59,480 And it all happened so fast. 12 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:03,800 The people didn't stand a chance. 13 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:09,760 The story of Pompeii is a story of death. 14 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:13,000 [screams] 15 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:16,760 But that isn't exactly true. 16 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:22,240 Pompeii isn't buried alive instantly. 17 00:01:24,080 --> 00:01:27,520 It actually took a day to be entombed in ash. 18 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:30,320 A single day. 19 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:33,600 That are among the most harrowing anyone on this earth 20 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:35,120 has ever experienced. 21 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:38,240 [screaming] 22 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:44,760 [Tom] Nonetheless, a day! 23 00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:48,000 A chance! 24 00:01:51,760 --> 00:01:54,400 So what if there's another story to tell here? 25 00:01:55,120 --> 00:01:56,640 A story of survival. 26 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:03,080 So I'm gonna try and trace 3 real people. 27 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,280 Real Romans through this disaster, 28 00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:09,680 through that day, 29 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,040 because maybe we don't know the story of 30 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:15,080 Pompeii after all. 31 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:21,280 So, let's try that again, shall we? 32 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:26,320 [audio rewinding] 33 00:02:28,640 --> 00:02:31,480 [ticking clock] 34 00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:42,120 I remember visiting Pompeii for the first time. 35 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,000 It was... truly... 36 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:48,800 ...extraordinary. 37 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:51,200 [♪ upbeat music playing "You Get What You Give"] 38 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:53,160 It was the summer of 1998. 39 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:57,160 I took the train down through France to Italy. 40 00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:59,360 ♪ Don't let go ♪ 41 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:02,480 My first trip away with no grown-ups. 42 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:05,240 ♪ This world is gonna pull through ♪ 43 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:07,680 ♪ Don't give up ♪ 44 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:09,640 Just me and two friends. 45 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:13,280 We stayed in youth hostels, swam in the Mediterranean. 46 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:16,520 And inevitably ate lots of pizza. 47 00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:21,720 But it was our visit to Pompeii that changed everything. 48 00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:26,560 Because in Pompeii, you can time travel. 49 00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:35,680 A whole Roman town, buried for centuries, 50 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:39,200 perfectly preserved. 51 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:41,600 And all across the site, 52 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:45,520 there were plaster casts of real Romans, real people, 53 00:03:46,280 --> 00:03:49,120 tragically frozen where they died, 54 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:52,360 and every one of them left behind a story. 55 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:54,760 And those are the stories which inspired me. 56 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:56,000 They inspired me to learn Latin, 57 00:03:56,040 --> 00:03:58,680 they inspired me to study the ancient world at university. 58 00:03:58,680 --> 00:04:00,720 To pursue acting. 59 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:04,360 To bring people back. 60 00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:09,320 I'm 45 now, and those images of all those people who died 61 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:11,600 there have never left me. 62 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:16,120 So I've returned to Pompeii finally, to tell their stories. 63 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:21,080 Because now new research is uncovering the names of 64 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:24,520 real Romans who actually experienced the eruption, 65 00:04:25,760 --> 00:04:29,080 and some who even survived it. 66 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:31,720 And right now. 67 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:34,480 There is a powerful new technology, 68 00:04:34,520 --> 00:04:36,240 and it's right at the cutting edge of science. 69 00:04:36,280 --> 00:04:38,280 It's been developed which can trace these names 70 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:39,720 through the disaster. 71 00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:42,760 This has never been used before. It's never been seen before. 72 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:45,720 And we are fortunate enough to have been granted exclusive 73 00:04:45,760 --> 00:04:49,520 access for the very first time to this 74 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:51,240 groundbreaking new technology. 75 00:04:53,280 --> 00:04:54,560 Hang on a second, 76 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:57,360 a spreadsheet is the radical new tech? 77 00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:00,240 -It sure is. I developed it myself. 78 00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:01,440 -Oh, wait. 79 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:07,360 I haven't even introduced you to Professor Steven Tuck yet. 80 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,720 Steven runs the Pompeii Survivors Project, 81 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,680 which aims to trace the life stories of real people 82 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:19,160 who experienced the eruption in A.D. 79. 83 00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:21,640 -Pretty impressive, huh? 84 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:24,400 Inscriptions from across the Roman world are all here 85 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:25,760 in this database. 86 00:05:26,280 --> 00:05:30,200 [Tom] Um, Steven, it's great, but I think we can, uh. 87 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:33,120 I think we can be a bit more cinematic than 88 00:05:33,160 --> 00:05:35,040 the spreadsheet no? 89 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:40,520 -Very impressive, Hiddleston. 90 00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:43,560 -Meh, I've seen some Avengers movies. 91 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,800 [Steven] So the Pompeii Survivors Project is, um, 92 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:51,440 is designed to find matches in this database. 93 00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:56,440 The goal is to find the name of somebody who is in Pompeii 94 00:05:56,480 --> 00:05:58,560 just before the eruption, 95 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:01,120 and then we find that same person later 96 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,000 in another community, then, bingo, we’ve found a survivor. 97 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:06,720 [Steven] Oh, we have a match. 98 00:06:06,840 --> 00:06:07,760 I'll translate. 99 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,120 -Oh, wait. Hang on. Um, let me have a go. 100 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:12,480 "El Avianius Lucius, 101 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:16,480 we would say, viam qua territorialum, 102 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:19,760 Pompeianorum sua pecunia munierunt." 103 00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:27,200 So, Lucius Avianius paved this road with his own money? 104 00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:29,840 Impressive, Hiddleston. 105 00:06:30,280 --> 00:06:32,880 I studied classics at university. 106 00:06:33,280 --> 00:06:35,360 Well, I teach classics. 107 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:37,120 -Point taken. 108 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:39,360 So what happened to this Lucius Avianius then? 109 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:42,040 [Steven] Well, the plaque's date suggests that by the time 110 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:43,080 of the eruption, 111 00:06:43,080 --> 00:06:46,520 this Lucius Avianius was probably long dead... 112 00:06:46,640 --> 00:06:47,840 -Ah. 113 00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:50,160 [Steven] ...um, however, his descendants were still around. 114 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:52,600 Including a boy, maybe a teenager. 115 00:06:53,120 --> 00:06:56,600 -Oh, so maybe a grandson. -Could well be. Um... 116 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,560 ...the second inscription is the Roman equivalent of a, 117 00:07:00,600 --> 00:07:02,160 of a payday loan. 118 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:05,480 It shows that in the space of a single generation, 119 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:08,760 the Avianius’ went from being among the city's wealthy elite 120 00:07:08,840 --> 00:07:11,640 to being among Pompeii’s poorest. 121 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:16,240 And this third inscription right here suggests that Avianius was 122 00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:19,280 apprenticed to a local blacksmith family. 123 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:23,760 -So, Avianius is part of a family that had been rich, 124 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:26,600 where they've lost everything, 125 00:07:26,640 --> 00:07:29,680 and now he's working at an ordinary blacksmith. 126 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:35,120 I think I might have found myself my first real Roman, 127 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:36,760 and he's just a boy. 128 00:07:40,840 --> 00:07:43,320 I want to bring him back from the past. 129 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:48,680 He's more than just a footnote in history. 130 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:52,560 More than a detail on a spreadsheet. 131 00:07:57,520 --> 00:07:59,320 He was a human being. 132 00:08:02,680 --> 00:08:04,480 Avianius. 133 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:19,200 So let's go back to that day in A.D. 79, 134 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:25,280 because after all, in Pompeii, you can time travel. 135 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:38,560 For Avianius, it's just another day. 136 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:42,360 Maybe he is at his apprenticeship at the forge 137 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:47,280 with no idea what Vesuvius is about to unleash. 138 00:08:55,840 --> 00:08:59,560 [Marcus] Okay, in this moment determines the very future. 139 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:02,640 Right, it forges what this bronze will become. 140 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:05,520 [Lucius] Whoa. That's deep. 141 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:08,280 We should put that on a sign outside. 142 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:11,240 Marcus Masurius, forging the future. 143 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:12,800 [Marcus] Alright. Alright. 144 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:15,000 [Tom] Wait. Pause. Steven, hang on, wait. 145 00:09:15,840 --> 00:09:18,520 Who's this Marcus Masuri guy? 146 00:09:18,560 --> 00:09:22,360 -Oh, well, there's a number of artifacts found. 147 00:09:22,400 --> 00:09:23,720 Um, most specifically, 148 00:09:23,720 --> 00:09:27,560 shovels that are stamped with the Masuri family name. 149 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,800 So they're a local family of bronze-smiths. 150 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:33,360 Um, they had a forge outside the city walls here 151 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:34,480 in this area. 152 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:35,640 [Tom] Right. Wow. 153 00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:38,000 But crucially, on the day of the eruption, 154 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:42,600 Avianius is working at a blacksmith outside the city. 155 00:09:43,480 --> 00:09:45,800 [Marcus] Here you go. Here you go. You’ve got this. 156 00:09:45,840 --> 00:09:47,280 [Lucius] Okay. 157 00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:49,120 [Marcus] You’re alright, alright. 158 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:50,680 Oh my God. 159 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:53,040 Oh God! 160 00:09:53,680 --> 00:09:56,120 What, what did I just say about being careful? 161 00:09:57,160 --> 00:09:59,040 Hours of work ruined. 162 00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:00,280 [Lucius] It was an earthquake. 163 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:02,480 [Marcus] Avi, listen, you need to learn to take responsibility. 164 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:04,560 You've got to grow up. 165 00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:08,040 You can start with an apology. 166 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:09,960 Wait. Where do you think you're going? 167 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:12,280 [Lucius] Why would I want to grow up to be like you 168 00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:13,520 and make shovels? 169 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:15,440 [Marcus] Alright son, don’t throw a tantrum. 170 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:17,160 [Lucius] You're not my dad. 171 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:19,320 You're just some blacksmith. 172 00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:23,240 [Marcus] Hey. Come on. Come on. Don't be like that. 173 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:25,720 Avianius, wait. 174 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:27,760 Avi. 175 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:32,560 [Marcus groans] 176 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:41,120 [Tom] Avianius is a teenager. 177 00:10:43,560 --> 00:10:46,440 Just like I was when I first came to Pompeii. 178 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:55,080 But if I'm gonna tell the story of what happened to Avianius, 179 00:10:56,280 --> 00:11:00,200 then I need to combine the historical evidence with what 180 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:02,160 I do as an actor. 181 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:09,360 I need to imagine it. 182 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:16,480 I'll follow in his footsteps. 183 00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:20,040 Walk alongside him. 184 00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:23,720 See these streets through his eyes. 185 00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:27,320 [overlapping chatter] 186 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:30,760 To try and fill in the gaps in the archaeological record. 187 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:36,680 This is how I tell Avianius' story. 188 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:42,200 An ordinary boy... on an extraordinary day. 189 00:11:42,680 --> 00:11:45,200 [distant rumbling] 190 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,480 [loud knocking] 191 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:54,720 [Lucius] Mom? Mom, why’s the door jammed? 192 00:11:54,760 --> 00:11:57,040 [Claudia] Avi, ssh. Stop! 193 00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:01,600 Come inside. Come. 194 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:03,360 [Lucius] Mom, what's going on? 195 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:04,720 [Claudia] Well, the moneylenders have been back, 196 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:06,400 but it’s um, it's fine, everything's fine. 197 00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:08,320 [Tom] Wait, Steven. Hang on. Pause. 198 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:10,040 It seems like they could have debts. 199 00:12:10,560 --> 00:12:13,040 So I'm guessing this family’s really fallen on hard times. 200 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:15,200 [Steven] Oh, I think hard times is an understatement. 201 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:18,640 I mean, if you think about how class and status-based the 202 00:12:18,680 --> 00:12:21,400 Roman world was, to have fallen from high 203 00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:24,280 political office to blacksmith apprentice in 204 00:12:24,280 --> 00:12:25,680 a single generation, 205 00:12:25,720 --> 00:12:27,280 I think they would have considered that a, 206 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:28,760 a social fate worse than death. 207 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,040 [Tom] Right, so they’ve lost status, lost money. 208 00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:32,560 I mean, maybe dad’s not around. 209 00:12:32,640 --> 00:12:35,720 That’s a lot for a young boy. 210 00:12:35,960 --> 00:12:37,600 [Claudia] Come on. What did you do? Tell me. 211 00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:39,240 [Lucius] I quit. 212 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:41,480 [Claudia] Sorry, you quit? You just walked out? 213 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:43,120 [Lucius] We don't need his charity. 214 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:45,160 [Claudia] Avi, it's not charity, it's a job. 215 00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:48,240 Avi, just, come on. 216 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:51,160 Think about what your grandfather did. 217 00:12:51,200 --> 00:12:53,120 He built half the roads in this city. 218 00:12:53,120 --> 00:12:54,240 He worked hard. 219 00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:55,760 He, he applied himself. 220 00:12:55,800 --> 00:12:58,040 [Lucius] Mom, who cares? Not this again. 221 00:12:58,080 --> 00:12:59,600 [Claudia] Please, you have to stop. 222 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:01,040 Avi, you have to go back. 223 00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:02,640 Get Marcus to give you another chance. 224 00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:04,640 Give you your job back. Beg if you need to. 225 00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:05,560 -Beg? -Yes! 226 00:13:05,560 --> 00:13:07,720 -No way, no. -Yes. Yes. Avi. Apologize. 227 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:09,040 I'm relying on you to-- 228 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:10,520 -To what... pay your debts. 229 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:11,640 -You need to learn to support yourself. 230 00:13:11,680 --> 00:13:12,560 [Lucius] Support you you mean? 231 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:14,200 -Avi, please, don't be like your father. 232 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:16,160 Don't throw a good job away. 233 00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:17,680 -Well, maybe I am like Dad. 234 00:13:17,720 --> 00:13:19,640 He didn't want anything to do with you either. 235 00:13:20,680 --> 00:13:22,000 [Claudia] Avi, stop. 236 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:24,400 [intense rumbling] 237 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:27,720 [Tom] Wait, pause, Steven, hang on. 238 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:30,200 We need to talk about these earthquakes. 239 00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:31,680 Because they keep happening. 240 00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:33,480 They have to be connected to Vesuvius, right? 241 00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:35,240 -Oh, absolutely. -Okay, 242 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:36,800 so if we're gonna try and unlock the choices that 243 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,480 people of Pompeii, that Avianius make that day, 244 00:13:39,480 --> 00:13:42,080 we have to understand more precisely the volcanology, 245 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:44,480 the phases of the eruption. 246 00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:46,800 What do you know about volcanoes? 247 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:49,560 -Um, that they're scary and not my field of expertise. 248 00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:54,680 -Right. Better find a helpful geoscientist, then. 249 00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:57,600 -Good call, Hiddleston. 250 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:03,560 [Tom] It's time we meet our story's villain. 251 00:14:06,240 --> 00:14:08,280 The volcano. 252 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,360 Being here on top of Mount Vesuvius, 253 00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:14,720 you can still feel its power. 254 00:14:17,680 --> 00:14:21,080 Even now, 2,000 years later, 255 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:25,600 it's alive, a living mountain. 256 00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:28,840 -Do you know, I first came up here when I was 17. 257 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:30,400 -Really? 258 00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:32,720 [Tom] Nothing’s changed, obviously look exactly the same. 259 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:37,360 And I remember feeling that this is the scene of a crime. 260 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:41,200 -It kind of is, and like any scene of a crime, 261 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:43,000 there are clues if you know where to look. 262 00:14:44,320 --> 00:14:46,560 [Tom] I guess I should also introduce you to our 263 00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:49,680 helpful geoscientist Professor Chris Jackson. 264 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:53,200 -And those clues help us build up a really detailed 265 00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:55,320 timeline of what happened, and that timeline, 266 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:57,200 it begins with those earthquakes. 267 00:14:57,720 --> 00:14:59,480 -So the tremors are a part of it then? 268 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:01,840 -Yeah, they are telling you about the unrest that's 269 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:03,600 occurring within the volcano. 270 00:15:03,920 --> 00:15:06,120 And this is the first phase of the eruption, 271 00:15:06,880 --> 00:15:09,800 and on that day 2,000 years ago, magma, 272 00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:12,200 molten rock, is rising up, 273 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:14,400 pushing against the rocks and fracturing them 274 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:16,520 and causing those earthquakes. 275 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,720 [Chris] And it is ultimately the earthquakes that tell us 276 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:35,240 that pressure is building and building and building until. 277 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:37,600 -Explosion! -Well, eruption, actually. 278 00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:39,600 -This is why you're here. Okay? 279 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:41,400 Okay. Phase one, earthquakes. 280 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:42,760 Phase two, eruption. 281 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:43,640 [Chris] That's right. 282 00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:46,120 And the eruption was incredibly powerful. 283 00:15:46,520 --> 00:15:49,360 It released more thermal energy than the atomic bombs dropped 284 00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:52,160 on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. 285 00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:00,320 -I mean, how do you survive that? 286 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:04,480 So the tremors are like a countdown to 287 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:06,280 the eruption itself. 288 00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:10,560 The countdown has already begun. 289 00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:19,120 And if Avianius recognizes these earthquakes 290 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:21,640 as warning signs, if he doesn't ignore them, 291 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:26,400 then there's still just enough time to escape Pompeii before 292 00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:28,000 all hell breaks loose. 293 00:16:30,520 --> 00:16:34,280 By now, he can't have more than an hour 294 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:36,640 before Vesuvius erupts. 295 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:44,000 One single hour. 296 00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,280 [Steven] Wait, wait, Tom, I’ve found something. 297 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:52,640 -I'm sorry, we don't have time for this, 298 00:16:52,680 --> 00:16:53,760 we've only got an hour. 299 00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:55,160 Um, uh, what, you know, 300 00:16:55,200 --> 00:16:56,320 why are we looking at, what is it, 301 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:58,360 some sort of Roman advertisement? 302 00:16:58,520 --> 00:17:00,680 [Steven] Well, this is another potential survivor, 303 00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:04,440 and also an opportunity for you to test your Latin, Hiddleston. 304 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:07,320 -Yes, professor. 305 00:17:07,880 --> 00:17:09,280 Okay. 306 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:11,360 Balneum venerium, 307 00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:14,120 the Venus baths, some sort of bathhouse. 308 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:18,280 Et nongentum, is for respectable people. 309 00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:21,320 So this is a fancy bathhouse. 310 00:17:21,360 --> 00:17:23,280 This is hard to decipher this stuff, 311 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:28,240 but it seems to have been owned by someone called Felix. 312 00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:31,040 Maybe that says Julius Felix. 313 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:33,840 [Steven] Well, excavation records in the database suggest 314 00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:37,320 that this Felix’s property had been evacuated. 315 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:41,560 Um there's no horses, no carts, no treasures. 316 00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:44,320 -An organized evacuation. 317 00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:46,800 So someone does heed the warnings. 318 00:17:46,960 --> 00:17:48,200 This is another clue. 319 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:49,720 You're right, I should look in there. 320 00:17:56,680 --> 00:17:59,600 If this Felix recognizes the earthquakes for what they are 321 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:02,200 and evacuates the entire property and that is a 322 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:04,800 remarkable lead, that's another potential survivor. 323 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:08,600 But who is this Julius Felix? 324 00:18:11,120 --> 00:18:14,720 I'm gonna pause Avianius' story for a moment to investigate the 325 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,080 ruins of this Felix's home. 326 00:18:17,480 --> 00:18:21,120 Because, after all, he could be my second real Roman. 327 00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:34,680 [Tom] This is bigger than I thought. 328 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,160 You've got a swimming pool, bar, restaurant. 329 00:18:39,800 --> 00:18:43,120 It's a, huh, bathhouse. 330 00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:51,320 Beautiful garden with this long water feature. 331 00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:56,440 This isn't a private dwelling, this is an estate. 332 00:18:58,360 --> 00:19:01,640 So this place must be owned by an incredibly 333 00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:03,600 wealthy Roman businessman. 334 00:19:06,480 --> 00:19:08,080 [Amalthea] Um, well, the first thing Sir, 335 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:11,320 the guests have ordered more wine but one of 336 00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:12,800 them's already vomited on Sylvia. 337 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,760 [Julius] If they've asked for more wine give them more wine. 338 00:19:16,800 --> 00:19:18,520 I like a man who knows how to drink. 339 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:24,600 [burps] 340 00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:26,120 -Hold on, Tom. 341 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:27,080 [Tom] Wait. What? 342 00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:30,600 -Well, this place wasn't owned by a businessman, 343 00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:33,320 she was a businesswoman. 344 00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:35,560 Not Julius, Felix, but Julia. 345 00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:37,120 [Tom] Ah! 346 00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:40,240 This is helpful and embarrassingly accurate, 347 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:44,120 archaeologist and professor of classics, Caitie Barrett, 348 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:48,120 fresh from her own excavation right here in Pompeii. 349 00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:50,680 So, Caitie, look, here's the thing. 350 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:51,680 When I was at university, 351 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:55,240 I was taught that um Rome was a patriarchy and 352 00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,600 that women, by and large, couldn't own property, 353 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,400 certainly not run a business this size. 354 00:20:01,880 --> 00:20:05,560 -And that's part of why Pompeii is such a crucial site, 355 00:20:05,880 --> 00:20:09,760 because it lets us see what Roman life was actually like, 356 00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:13,400 and not just what wealthy and usually male authors 357 00:20:13,440 --> 00:20:16,160 wanted to represent it. 358 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:19,400 We've got evidence for women doing all kinds of work. 359 00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:23,720 Shop owners, account keepers, bakers, 360 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:26,200 and laundry workers. 361 00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:27,680 The whole social spectrum, 362 00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:30,960 from enslaved to free and from rich to poor. 363 00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:35,160 -But this woman, the woman who ran this place, 364 00:20:35,960 --> 00:20:39,680 she's not employed, she's the employer. 365 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:41,560 I mean, this is her business, right? 366 00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:42,560 She's the boss. 367 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:44,840 -Yeah, it would have been, as far as we know, 368 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:48,800 really unusual for an independent woman to run 369 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:50,680 an operation like this. 370 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:52,520 As the head of the household, 371 00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:56,200 she would have also been responsible for people's 372 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,200 religious well-being. 373 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:02,040 Keeping her household safe in the eyes of the gods. 374 00:21:02,240 --> 00:21:03,680 [Tom] Mm, of course. 375 00:21:03,680 --> 00:21:05,280 [Caitie] And in fact, if we look right over there, 376 00:21:05,320 --> 00:21:08,520 there used to be a household shrine there dedicated 377 00:21:08,560 --> 00:21:11,080 to the Egyptian goddess Isis. 378 00:21:11,080 --> 00:21:14,400 And we can imagine Julia as the head of household, 379 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:16,360 presiding over religious rituals there. 380 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:20,440 [Julia] Isis. Lady. 381 00:21:24,120 --> 00:21:26,240 [Caitie] Tom, is everything okay? 382 00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:27,720 [Tom] Sorry. 383 00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:32,120 Obviously, I took a bit of a wrong turn with the gender. 384 00:21:32,160 --> 00:21:34,640 So let's definitely try that again. 385 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:41,560 [Amalthea] Well, the first thing is, Julia, 386 00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:43,520 the guests have ordered more wine, 387 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,240 but one of them has already vomited on Silvia. 388 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:48,560 [Julia] Give them the watered-down stuff we 389 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:49,840 save for children. 390 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:51,320 What else? 391 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:54,200 -Well, Cassius, everyone's favorite guest, 392 00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:56,480 he's complained about the snails again. 393 00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:59,360 Apparently, this time they were tepid and tasteless, 394 00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:03,040 and he still hasn't paid last month's bill. 395 00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:07,040 [Julia] Oh, politely remind him that he has until 396 00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:08,560 tonight to pay. 397 00:22:08,560 --> 00:22:10,040 [Amalthea] Politely? 398 00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:11,000 [Julia] Mm-hmm. 399 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:12,800 [Amalthea] I’d kick him to the cobbles. 400 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,480 [Julia] Mm, not yet. No, darling. 401 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,240 Much better to add a free plate of honey. 402 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:21,280 Sweeten him up, and he'll keep spending. 403 00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:24,240 [Amalthea] All right. But it's your honey. 404 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:28,520 I'm sure somehow he'll find it tepid and tasteless. 405 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:33,440 [Julia] Amalthea, can you check my necklace? 406 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:35,800 I think the clasp’s come loose again. 407 00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:40,120 [Amalthea] There. 408 00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:44,360 [Julia] Ah, thank you. Keeps coming undone. 409 00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,080 Let's go to see those baths. 410 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:51,800 [distant rumbling] 411 00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:01,320 [clock ticking] 412 00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:10,680 [Caitie] We might think of Roman baths like a a fancy spa. 413 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,360 So now we're in Julia Felix's bathhouse. 414 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:19,600 -That really is a spa. I see what you mean. 415 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:20,720 [Caitie] It's got everything. 416 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,320 Here is the very swanky frigidarium. 417 00:23:23,360 --> 00:23:24,840 The cold plunge. 418 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:26,640 -Ah, love a cold plunge. 419 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:29,600 This is amazing. 420 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:31,400 She really was a successful businesswoman. 421 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:32,680 [Caitie] Absolutely. 422 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:34,720 Before the discovery of this place, 423 00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:37,080 historians would have imagined somebody like Julia Felix 424 00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:38,680 to be impossible. 425 00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:42,520 -Impossible, Julia. 426 00:23:45,560 --> 00:23:48,240 [Julia] Oh, I see, the earthquakes, 427 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:49,360 they have caused a leak. 428 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:51,760 [Amalthea] Yes, well, the tremors are getting worse, 429 00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:53,320 and the guests are. 430 00:23:53,360 --> 00:23:54,480 [Julia] Are what? 431 00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:57,440 [Amalthea] They're starting to wonder if it's a sign. 432 00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:00,760 [Julia] Oh, and they are concerned? 433 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:03,280 [Amalthea] Some are. 434 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:05,240 [Julia groans] 435 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:10,680 [Julia] Okay. Well, they need to know that they are safe 436 00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:12,120 in my house. 437 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:16,120 [Amalthea] Should I have everyone gathered by the shrine? 438 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:18,680 [Julia] Yes. We'll make offerings. 439 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,520 Oh, and that reminds me. 440 00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:26,560 Signs, how is my new sign coming? 441 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:30,080 [Amalthea] Uh, well, I think it's safe to say it's 442 00:24:30,120 --> 00:24:32,320 not going unnoticed. 443 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:38,280 [Tom] And 2,000 years ago, the sign was right there. 444 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:40,520 [Caitie] This is the spot, right there. 445 00:24:40,840 --> 00:24:43,400 And this sign actually has one more thing to tell 446 00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:44,680 us about Julia. 447 00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:46,320 Shall we take another look? 448 00:24:46,360 --> 00:24:47,520 [Tom] Okay. 449 00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:51,480 Elegant Venus Baths of one Julia Felix. 450 00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:56,320 Thank you. Um, Daughter of Spurius. 451 00:24:57,120 --> 00:24:58,440 Spurius. 452 00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:00,520 Um, but that's the Latin for unknown, right? 453 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:01,640 [Caitie] Yeah. 454 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:04,040 So Julia is telling us that she, 455 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:06,440 or maybe her father, was born out of wedlock. 456 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:08,800 -Oh, I really did get this wrong. 457 00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:11,600 Not only is she a woman, she's come from nothing, 458 00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:13,440 and she's built all this. 459 00:25:13,480 --> 00:25:17,280 And the sign was right there. 460 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:20,320 [Julia] It's beautiful, isn't it? 461 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:23,400 He's done an excellent job, hasn’t he? 462 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,320 -Did you really think it was a good idea to add that bit 463 00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:28,080 about your father, Spurius? 464 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,080 -What do you think it should be bigger? 465 00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:36,000 I might get him to draw-- 466 00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:37,720 [close rumbling and tremors] 467 00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:40,440 [Lucius] I'm sorry. 468 00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:42,360 [Julia] Yes, I’m fine. Yes, I’m fine. 469 00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:44,320 [Amalthea] You need to watch where you're going. 470 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:45,480 You could hurt someone. 471 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,600 -It's okay. He said he was sorry. 472 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:53,120 Hey, what's wrong? Is everything all right? 473 00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:56,280 [Lucius] Yeah. Thank you. 474 00:25:57,760 --> 00:25:59,280 [Julia] Go on then. 475 00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:01,480 May the goddess protect and guide you. 476 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:03,280 [Lucius] Thank you. 477 00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:10,280 [Tom] Okay, time is really running out now. 478 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,040 The tremors, the warning signs, they're, 479 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:15,680 they're getting worse and worse. 480 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:18,480 Caitie, now, we've established that Julia is super smart, 481 00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:21,160 so when does she evacuate? 482 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,520 -Well, here we are, bumping up against the limits 483 00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:25,480 of the archaeological record. 484 00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:27,120 We just don't know. 485 00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:30,280 Archaeology can't get us inside people's heads. 486 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:32,000 Sorry, Tom. 487 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:36,520 [Tom scoffs] 488 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:38,200 I don't know. 489 00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:40,360 I somehow thought the archaeologists and 490 00:26:40,360 --> 00:26:44,280 the historians would have all the answers. 491 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:45,320 [Tom scoffs] 492 00:26:46,280 --> 00:26:47,800 Of course they don't. 493 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:50,520 I mean, how can they see into the minds of people 494 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:52,520 who lived 2,000 years ago? 495 00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:59,440 If I'm going to try and tell the stories of Avianius 496 00:26:59,480 --> 00:27:02,440 and Julia Felix, I have to change my approach. 497 00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:07,160 I have to change my perspective. 498 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:17,360 There has to be another way. 499 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:19,680 Is there another way of looking at all this evidence? 500 00:27:19,680 --> 00:27:21,680 Is there another way of seeing the past? 501 00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:24,840 Is there another way of trying to understand, 502 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:27,320 at the deepest level, their experience that day? 503 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:32,280 When I was at university, 504 00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:34,640 we were taught that the Latin words for story and 505 00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:36,560 history were the same. 506 00:27:38,080 --> 00:27:40,040 The Romans called it historia. 507 00:27:40,080 --> 00:27:43,240 That means evidence and imagination intermingled, 508 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,000 they're the same thing. 509 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:49,720 That's what I have to do. 510 00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:51,680 I have to go further still. 511 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:54,520 Draw in evidence from disciplines beyond history, 512 00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:59,000 different ways to uncover what happened to Avianius and Julia. 513 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:05,120 So I'm gonna start over. 514 00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:08,200 And then I lay it all out in pursuit of Julia 515 00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:09,680 and Avianius' story. 516 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:11,720 Their own historia. 517 00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:20,200 That's what I need to do. 518 00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:26,360 I do actually need to find a way of seeing 519 00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:28,040 inside their minds. 520 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:32,280 So, you're a psychologist? 521 00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:35,120 -Yeah, I'm not just a psychologist, 522 00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:37,000 I'm a disaster psychologist. 523 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,280 [Tom] So this is someone from a different discipline. 524 00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:42,400 Disaster psychologist Doctor Sarita Robinson. 525 00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:45,120 -Great. 526 00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:49,120 So, Sarita, how does disaster psychology differ 527 00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:50,680 from traditional psychology? 528 00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:52,520 -So in disaster psychology, 529 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:55,360 what I'm looking at is people under extreme stress, 530 00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:56,800 like a, a natural disaster. 531 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,240 -Mm-hmm. -I'm looking at how people 532 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:02,360 respond, the choices they make, and why, 533 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:05,680 because people are really predictable, 534 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:09,560 and if we can work out how people are going to behave... 535 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:11,520 -Mm-hmm. 536 00:29:11,520 --> 00:29:14,000 -...then we can better train our first responders. 537 00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:17,320 And if we can do that, then we can ultimately save lives. 538 00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:20,560 -So, from all of your studies, 539 00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:23,120 can we apply these predictions to people from the past, 540 00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:24,200 do you think? 541 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:25,840 -Yeah, I don't think people have changed very much 542 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:27,040 in 2,000 years. 543 00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:29,800 -Great, I was really hoping you were going to say that. 544 00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:31,760 I want to tell you about these two Romans that 545 00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:33,360 I've been following. 546 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:42,240 The first is a woman, her name is Julia Felix. 547 00:29:43,480 --> 00:29:45,520 She's wealthy. She's intelligent. 548 00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:48,320 She's the leader of her household. 549 00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:52,800 The second is a boy called Avianius, 550 00:29:53,760 --> 00:29:55,360 and he's a teenager. 551 00:29:56,200 --> 00:29:59,080 He's a little bit headstrong, maybe. 552 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:04,440 [Claudia] Avi, think about what your grandfather did. 553 00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:07,600 He built half the roads in this city, remember. 554 00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:11,760 [alarm] 555 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:12,840 [Tom] Here's a thing, 556 00:30:12,880 --> 00:30:14,800 they're both running out of time. 557 00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:20,800 Surely, predictably, both of them recognize that something 558 00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:22,720 is seriously wrong, 559 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:25,200 and they get out of there as fast as they can, 560 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:26,520 as soon as they can? 561 00:30:26,560 --> 00:30:28,720 -Well, shall we find out? -What do you mean? 562 00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:31,000 Sarita? 563 00:30:31,080 --> 00:30:32,640 [fire alarm blares] 564 00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:34,320 Sarita, you can't, 565 00:30:34,360 --> 00:30:35,760 Sarita you can't just turn a fire alarm on. 566 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:37,320 You actually can't do that. 567 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,400 -Yeah but, but look. -What do you mean, look? 568 00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:41,760 -No. 569 00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:43,520 [Tom] There's nothing happening. 570 00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:45,120 [Sarita] Exactly. 571 00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:48,040 This is a classic example of alarm fatigue. 572 00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:51,160 People have learned that there's no danger, 573 00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:52,680 so they don't respond. 574 00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:54,240 In the studies I've run in my lab, 575 00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:56,520 we see this behavior all the time. 576 00:30:56,840 --> 00:30:58,720 -Right, so what you're saying is, 577 00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:01,360 when these earthquakes start happening in Pompeii, 578 00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:06,480 they ignore it in the same way that we ignore a fire alarm? 579 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:08,520 [Sarita] Yeah, exactly. 580 00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:11,720 [fire alarm] 581 00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:14,320 [distant rumbling] 582 00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:21,200 Now think about it, the people of Pompeii, 583 00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:23,200 they live next door to an active volcano, 584 00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:25,160 so earthquakes will be quite common, 585 00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:28,520 just as they are in modern Italy today. 586 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:32,080 People are used to living with them, 587 00:31:32,080 --> 00:31:34,520 they're likely to have learnt to just ignore tremors, 588 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:36,000 just like we ignore fire alarms. 589 00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:39,400 [Tom] But isn't it slightly different, though, 590 00:31:39,440 --> 00:31:43,520 because the earthquakes they're getting increasingly worse. 591 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:44,680 So would you ignore that? 592 00:31:45,040 --> 00:31:48,560 [Sarita] Hmm, I don't think you can underestimate the human 593 00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:51,560 capacity for inaction, and actually, 594 00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:53,440 I think there is something else that's stopping the 595 00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:55,760 people of Pompeii from evacuating. 596 00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:57,640 [Tom] After you. 597 00:31:57,680 --> 00:31:59,040 [Sarita] Thank you. 598 00:32:00,680 --> 00:32:02,320 Mm. 599 00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:04,440 [Tom] Mm. 600 00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:12,800 [Sarita] So why did you just turn around? 601 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:16,160 [Tom] Oh I, I turned around because you did. 602 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:17,600 I didn't want to feel awkward, you know. 603 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:18,760 [Sarita] Yeah. 604 00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:21,480 So what you demonstrated so beautifully is something 605 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:23,360 called social conformity. 606 00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:25,520 We don't want to embarrass ourselves by 607 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:27,440 doing something different. 608 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:30,080 So in the context of a disaster, 609 00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:32,720 actually social conformity can mean that people 610 00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:34,360 delay their evacuation. 611 00:32:34,400 --> 00:32:35,520 [Tom] I see. 612 00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:37,400 [Sarita] Or they might not even act at all. 613 00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:39,360 I mean, social conformity kills. 614 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:42,320 -Yeah, I see that. 615 00:32:42,680 --> 00:32:43,760 So, in fact, 616 00:32:43,800 --> 00:32:47,480 because of social conformity, Avianius and Julia, 617 00:32:47,480 --> 00:32:49,040 in fact, the whole town, 618 00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:51,280 they'd just get on with their day, 619 00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:54,640 and they have no idea what's coming. 620 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:11,800 [Julia] Friends, please remember this is my house. 621 00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:17,320 A house of the goddess Isis. 622 00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:23,640 [Tom] Sarita’s right, they're all still there, 623 00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:26,680 beneath the volcano. 624 00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:29,200 Getting on with their day. 625 00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:33,680 Ignoring the signs with a bomb about to go off. 626 00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:43,320 [Julia] You are safe here. 627 00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:47,600 We will give thanks to Isis, with offerings, 628 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:50,800 and she'll protect us. 629 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:54,240 [Cassius] Dates and honey. 630 00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:57,480 Turtledove or a piglet, that's a proper offering. 631 00:33:58,360 --> 00:34:00,280 This is just pathetic. 632 00:34:00,560 --> 00:34:02,040 [Amalthea] Any offerings, Cassius? 633 00:34:02,080 --> 00:34:04,080 [Cassius] Thank you so much. Thank you. 634 00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:21,000 [Aurelia] Marcus. 635 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:26,440 Remember, he's still a kid. 636 00:34:26,480 --> 00:34:29,320 [Julia] Isis the creator... 637 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:34,160 [♪ intense music playing] 638 00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:37,360 [Marcus] Hi. I'm glad you came back. 639 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,360 [Lucius] Hi. I shouldn't have said what I did. 640 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:43,000 [Marcus] Well, it's alright. 641 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,000 It wasn't my finest moment either. 642 00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:48,000 [Lucius] I'm sorry. 643 00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:50,640 [Marcus] You’re alright, kid. 644 00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:52,320 [Lucius] You could say sorry, too. 645 00:34:52,320 --> 00:34:54,440 [Marcus] Alright, alright. 646 00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:56,400 [Aurelia] You could, you know. 647 00:34:56,440 --> 00:35:00,240 [watch alarm beeping] 648 00:35:02,720 --> 00:35:05,200 -That's it. You’re out of time. 649 00:35:07,240 --> 00:35:11,280 [watch alarm beeping] 650 00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:15,520 [wind] 651 00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:21,560 -Marcus? -Run! 652 00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:23,040 [explosion] 653 00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:38,360 [high frequency ringing] 654 00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:46,720 [muffled coughs] 655 00:35:58,160 --> 00:36:00,640 [Marcus] Avianius? You okay? 656 00:36:17,160 --> 00:36:19,120 [Julia] Amalthea. 657 00:36:20,080 --> 00:36:21,400 [Amalthea] Julia. 658 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:23,120 [Julia] Are you okay? 659 00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:25,000 Amalthea, look at me, look at me. 660 00:36:25,080 --> 00:36:26,200 Are you okay? 661 00:36:26,240 --> 00:36:28,360 -I’m okay. -Okay. 662 00:36:31,560 --> 00:36:33,440 Okay. We need to focus. 663 00:36:33,480 --> 00:36:35,160 Get them inside now! 664 00:36:35,520 --> 00:36:38,440 Inside everyone. Inside now! 665 00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:40,800 [Amalthea] Come with me! Come now, please! 666 00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:49,040 [horses neighing] 667 00:36:49,080 --> 00:36:51,800 [overlapping screams] 668 00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:01,000 [screaming] 669 00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:07,440 [eruption bellows] 670 00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:14,320 [Tom] So this is it, this is the moment. 671 00:37:16,080 --> 00:37:17,680 Avianius isn't gonna ignore this, right? 672 00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:20,440 He's gonna evacuate immediately, get to safety. 673 00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:22,760 [Sarita] Well, maybe. 674 00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:25,440 -What! Maybe? 675 00:37:25,480 --> 00:37:30,360 Sarita, Vesuvius, that volcano has just erupted, 676 00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:31,920 and you're saying maybe. 677 00:37:31,960 --> 00:37:34,600 Surely now is the time that everybody evacuates, 678 00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:37,360 Avianius gets out of there, and he's not even in the city. 679 00:37:37,480 --> 00:37:40,000 [Aurelia] Avi. Please, come with us. 680 00:37:40,680 --> 00:37:42,000 It's not safe. 681 00:37:42,080 --> 00:37:43,800 -He'd get to safety as soon as he can. 682 00:37:43,840 --> 00:37:45,760 -Maybe. 683 00:37:45,800 --> 00:37:47,680 -What do you mean, maybe? 684 00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:51,080 -Well, what would you do? -I’d get out of there, 100%. 685 00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:52,760 [Sarita] Are you 100% sure? 686 00:37:52,800 --> 00:37:55,440 -I'm absolutely sure, yeah. -But what about your family? 687 00:37:56,320 --> 00:37:58,600 -I, I can't. My mom. 688 00:37:59,600 --> 00:38:00,760 [Sarita] We know in emergencies, 689 00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:03,760 people don't leave because they want to be reunited with 690 00:38:03,800 --> 00:38:05,320 the people they love. 691 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:07,680 They want to make sure that they're safe. 692 00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:10,280 -I, I've got to get to her. I'm sorry. 693 00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:13,000 -Avi. -I, I can't. Just can’t. 694 00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:18,480 [Tom] Family! 695 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:22,600 Of course, that's who you go to, 696 00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:24,120 that's who I'd go to. 697 00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:27,280 [Marcus] It’s okay, Aurelia. 698 00:38:31,080 --> 00:38:33,080 Go, quick. 699 00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:37,200 You find her and find us. 700 00:38:40,280 --> 00:38:41,400 Go! 701 00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:45,800 [Tom] Avianius goes back in. 702 00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:49,280 [scoffs] 703 00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:51,040 Of course he does. 704 00:38:51,080 --> 00:38:55,600 He goes back into Pompeii to get his mom. 705 00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:06,400 [♪ dramatic music playing] 706 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:08,600 The final day has begun. 707 00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:12,520 Clock's ticking. 708 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,440 Pompeii is almost out of time. 709 00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:20,600 [ticking clock]